AN 802: Intel® Stratix® 10 SoC Device Design Guidelines

ID 683117
Date 8/05/2021
Public
Document Table of Contents

2.4.1.1.2. RGMII

RGMII is the most common interface because it supports 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, and 1000 Mbps connection speeds at the PHY layer.

RGMII uses four-bit wide transmit and receive data paths, each with its own source-synchronous clock. All transmit data and control signals are source synchronous to TX_CLK, and all receive data and control signals are source synchronous to RX_CLK.

For all speed modes, TX_CLK is sourced by the MAC, and RX_CLK is sourced by the PHY. In 1000 Mbps mode, TX_CLK and RX_CLK are 125 MHz, and Dual Data Rate (DDR) signaling is used. In 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps modes, TX_CLK and RX_CLK are 2.5 MHz and 25 MHz, respectively, and rising edge Single Data Rate (SDR) signaling is used.

Figure 4. RGMII MAC/PHY Interface

I/O Pin Timing

This section addresses RGMII interface timing from the perspective of meeting requirements in the 1000 Mbps mode. The interface timing margins are most demanding in 1000 Mbps mode, thus it is the only scenario you consider here.

At 125 MHz, the period is 8 ns, but because both edges are used, the effective period is only 4 ns. The TX and RX busses are separate and source synchronous, simplifying timing. The RGMII specification calls for CLK to be delayed from DATA at the receiver in either direction by a minimum 1.0 ns and a maximum 2.6 ns.

In other words, the TX_CLK must be delayed from the MAC output to the PHY input and the RX_CLK from the PHY output to the MAC input. The signals are transmitted source synchronously within the +/- 500 ps RGMII skew specification in each direction as measured at the output pins. The minimum delay needed in each direction is 1 ns but Intel® recommends to target a delay of 1.5 ns to 2.0 ns to ensure significant timing margin.

Transmit path setup/hold

Only setup and hold for TX_CLK to TX_CTL and TXD[3:0] matter for transmit. The Intel® Stratix® 10 I/O can provide up to 2.4 ns additional delay on outputs in 150 ps increments. This delay is enabled using the output delay logic option within the assignment editor in Intel® Quartus® Prime.

GUIDELINE: For TX_CLK from the Stratix 10, you must introduce 1.8 ns I/O delay to meet the 1.0 ns PHY minimum input setup/hold time in the RGMII spec.

The Intel® Stratix® 10 SoC HPS dedicated I/O and FPGA I/O support adding up to 2.4 ns of output delay in 150 ps increments. The delay added to the MAC's TX_CLK output when using HPS dedicated I/O can be configured in the HPS Platform Designer IP component.

GUIDELINE: Ensure your design includes the necessary Intel settings to configure the HPS EMAC outputs for the required delays.

On the Intel® Stratix® 10 SoC Development Kit and the associated Intel® Stratix® 10 Golden Hardware Reference Design (the GHRD is the hardware component of the GSRD), an example for setting the output delay setting on TX_CLK can be found in the HPS Platform Designer IP component configuration.

Receive path setup/hold

Only setup and hold for RX_CLK to RX_CTL and RXD[3:0] are necessary to consider for receive timings. The Intel® Stratix® 10 I/O can provide up to 3200 ps additional delay on inputs. For Intel® Stratix® 10 inputs, the 3.2 ns I/O delay can achieve this timing for RX_CLK without any other considerations on the PHY side or board trace delay side.

GUIDELINE: If the PHY does not support RGMII-ID, use the configurable delay elements in the Stratix 10 SoC HPS dedicated I/O or FPGA I/O to center the RX_CLK in the center of the RX_DATA/CTL data valid window.

If using HPS I/O, configure delay on the RX_CLK in the HPS Platform Designer IP component. If using FPGA I/O, add delay on the RX_CLK input with an input delay setting in the project settings file (.qsf).